Diet pills are prescription drugs, usually designed for obesity treatment rather than for cosmetic reasons. Under strict regulation, they require FDA approval. Their effects and health risks are closely supervised. Physicians prescribe the drug in specific dosages and under certain conditions.
Diet pills work in two ways: by suppressing appetite or by inhibiting fat absorption.
Appetite suppressants affect hunger control centers in the brain.
Fat absorption inhibitors affect fat in the gastrointestinal tract, inhibiting lipase action and thus preventing some dietary fat from being digested.
The most popular brands of prescription pills are Meridia (Sibutramine), Xenical (Orlistat), Adipex, Bontril, Didrex, Phentermine and Tenuate.
Meridia
Is an appetite suppressant.
Action
Meridia increases the levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin, thus giving the feeling of fullness.
Health Benefits
Meridia lowers levels of triglycerides, LDL (bad cholesterol) and higher levels of HDL (good cholesterol).
Adverse Effects
Constipation, dry mouth, headache and insomnia. Meridia may generate high blood pressure and heart rate.
Between 1998, when it was introduced, and 2001, there were reportedly around 400 cases of severe adverse reactions in subjects taking Meridia.
Xenical
Is a fat absorption inhibitor.
Action
Xenical interferes with fat digestion, partially blocking the action of lipases, thus preventing about 30% of the dietary fat from being absorbed.
Health Benefits
Xenical reduces cholesterol.
Adverse Effects
Xenical can disrupt bowel movements, especially if the subject is following a fatty diet. This creates discomfort, oily spotting, fecal urgency, increased bowel movements and incontinence, but these symptoms occur only in the beginning of the treatment. The drug may also block the absorption of some vitamins, such as vitamin E. A vitamin supplement is recommended under treatment.
Although diet pills can be effective, they are recommended for short-term treatment only. They pose health risks and, as the body adjusts to them, they lose effect. They must be used under medical supervision, and in conjunction with a proper diet and exercise program. The use of weight loss pills to treat obesity can be justified. Obesity involves serious health risks which surpass the possible side effects or health risks caused by weight loss pills.